Understanding the Wiring Diagram of a 48V E-Bike Controller

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 A controller is the brain of every electric bike or electric motorcycle. It connects the battery, motor, throttle, brakes, and other electrical components to ensure smooth performance. The diagram of a 48V controller, like the one shown here, helps in identifying each wire and its function. Knowing these pinouts is very important for troubleshooting faults … Read more

12V DC Motor PWM Speed Controller Circuit using NE555 & MOSFET Proteus Simulation

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Overview This post explains the DC motor PWM speed controller shown in your Proteus schematic (NE555 driving an N-channel MOSFET). It’s ideal for hobby projects, robotics, small pumps, fans, and educational demos. You’ll learn what it can control, how it works, and best practices for simulation and PCB design. What this circuit CAN DO (Practical … Read more